Essay about The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams

The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams -Joseph K. Davis, Landscapes of the Dislocated Mind in Williams The Glass Menagerie, in Tennessee Williams: A Tribute Tom and his sister Laura is symbolically the actual glass menagerie, the play belongs to neither of them. The play belongs to their mother, Amanda, as substantiated by the above quote from Joseph K. Davis. Amanda indulges herself in memories of the past and refuses to accept the present. The play is also hers because it is her tragedy. It is about how she behaves after her husband leaves her and her reaction when her son shows signs of doing the same. She also controls the two conflicts of the play, as well as the glass menagerie represents her fragile world†¦show more content†¦As for his sister, the conflict surrounding her marriage is constant. Amanda does not want Laura to become an old maid, and attempts to send Laura to a local business school to receive training as a secretary in hopes that Laura will attract men. When Amanda discovers that Laura has stopped attending school she is flabbergasted, more because Laura did not tell her. Amanda finds out when she goes to the school to collect make-up work for Laura because she was out sick for a few days. Amanda is also angry because she does not want Laura to be unmarried, I know so well what becomes of unmarried women who arent prepared to occupy a position. Ive such pitiful cases in the South-barely tolerated spinsters ... eating the crust of humanity all their life. To fix the situation, Amanda asks Tom to go and find a man from work to date Laura. Amanda also starts to sale magazine subscriptions to receive some more money to make the apartment a little more showy and to also inquire about suitable bachelors. Both of the conflicts are resolved more or less in one incident, Jims Announcement of his engagement. The incident resolves the conflict with Tom because after Amanda finds out that Jim is engaged, she begins to accuse Tom of lying to her about not knowing of Jims engagement. She also manages to throw in a nice jab about his accused selfishness, Don t let anything Interfere with your selfish pleasure! Just go, go, go- to the movies.Show MoreRelatedThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams985 Words   |  4 Pageshardly catch it going. ¨ This quote by the author of The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams, describes both The Glass Menagerie, a memory play, and the life of Tennessee Williams himself, for whom memories played a large role in his life. Within the play, many parallels can be drawn between the life of Williams and the life of Tom, the main character, such as a disdain for factory work. In addition, several characters in The Glass Menagerie have a difficult time fitting into the roles that theirRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Wil liams Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams was a renowned Pulitzer Prize-winning playwriter for his numerous plays throughout his career. One of such plays is The Glass Menagerie. After perfecting his play for many years, The Glass Menagerie was first introduced to Broadway on March 31, 1945. As a young writer, Williams lived vicariously through his plays. Throughout this play in particular, there are several allegories that pertain to Williams life. Although Williams had a relatively happy childhood, his life changedRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams986 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie, is a classic drama about a young man who is tired of his dull and boring existence. Tom, the main character, struggles to deal with his family, who is apparently holding him back in life. With the use of powerful writing techniques, Williams is able to captivate his audience and create a play that has stood the test of time. An excellent writing technique employed by Williams that contributes to The Glass Menagerie’s success is his use of plot. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams932 Words   |  4 Pages THE GLASS MENAGERIE Name Instructor Institution Course Date The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, the author in the play †The Glass Menagerie† that is based on his life that presents characters that, as caught animals in an cage, live in woeful states and just wish to unravel themselves from this state (Fisher, 2010). The primary clash in the story emerges through their longing to encounter a different world, but their condition opens them to life s unforgiving realities. LifeRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1249 Words   |  5 Pagesthe outside world The Glass Menagerie is very interesting because William s play relates to alot of people and their situations, people can learn alot from it alot whether they connect to Amanda and her past or to Laura and her lack of confidence and being in a world of her own or to Tom and his internal conflict about abandoning his family or staying with them. Laura s life is all about her glass menageries what happens when her glass unicorn breaks? What happens when a gentlemanRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1619 Words   |  7 PagesIsolation is prevalent in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† by Tennessee Williams. This is presented in symbols such as blue roses and the glass unicorn, for they are imagined objects and only existent in another fantasy world. Williams incorporates such arcane symbols to draw out his characters, Amanda, Laura, and Tom, and how they cope with confinement. Most importantly, the symbols of the play represent how isolation debilita tes them psychologically in an attempt to connect with reality. The jonquils representRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee William1014 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† of Tennessee William, he wrote a drama play to emphasize readers about the life is at a standstill the Wingfield family. Through of the Wingfield family, he uses many symbols which represent many things, but the important main symbolization is fire escape that shows three main characters; Tom Wingfield, his fire escape is the way out of Amanda and Laura. Amanda Wingfield, hope gentlemen callers to enter their lives, and Laura Wingfield, who wants in her own worldRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Tennessee Williams, born Thomas Lanier Williams, wrote The Glass Menagerie, a play which premiered in Chicago in 1944. This award winning play, autobiographical in nature, represented a time in which Williams felt the obligation of his responsibilities in regards to the care of his family. Robert DiYanni, Adjunct Professor of Humanities at New York University, rated it as, â€Å"One of his best-loved plays...a portrayal of loneliness among characters who confuseRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesIn Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie, there is a collection of glass animal figurines that belong to Laura. Laura uses those figurines to escape her reality. The â€Å"glass menagerie† is also a metaphor because all of the characters have a metaphorical glass menagerie that they use to escape their reality. Tom escapes his reality by going to the movies, drinking, and writing poetry. Tom says, â€Å"I go to the movies because – I like adventure†¦ something I don’t have much of at work† (Williams 33)Read MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams867 Words   |  4 Pagesdraw the line between getting what you want and doing what you are obligated to do? In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the main characters are torn between fulfilling their desires and aligning with their role in society. On the surface, Amanda Wingfield plays the role of a caring mother that would do anything in her children’s best interest. However, according to the play, â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, you should never be fooled by the â€Å"Illusion of the truth.† She indeed values her children’s

A Brief Note On Canada s Health Care System Essay

Introduction: Canada s health care system is a group of socialized health insurance plans that provides coverage to all Canadian citizens. It is publicly funded and administered on a provincial or territorial basis, within guidelines set by the federal government. Under the health care system, individual citizens are provided preventative care and medical treatments from primary care physicians as well as access to hospitals, dental surgery and additional medical services. With a few exceptions, all citizens qualify for health coverage regardless of medical history, personal income, or standard of living. In addition to public health care providers such as primary care doctors and hospitals, many private clinics offering specialized services also operate in Canada. http://www.canadian-healthcare.org . In this assignment, I am going to explain how different rules in two social systems (Public Hospitals vs. Walk-in Clinics) have a strong impact on humans’ behaviors. Hospitals and clinics, can we call them organizations? A deep thinking about public hospitals and walk-in clinics gives us an overview of the similarities between the two social systems. We can certainly apply the definition of an organization to both of them. They are artifact. They brought into existence by humans. By humans I mean: patients, doctors, nurses and other workers (social entities). They all interact within the same social system to achieve one obvious goal centered around health service. WhileShow MoreRelatedOntario s Health : Briefing Note1538 Words   |  7 Pages Ontario s Health: Briefing Note Alysha Savji Ryerson University Health Policy MN8910 Dr. Karen Spalding October 8, 2015 Ontario s Health: Briefing Note Health care expenditure accounted for an estimated 11% (214.9 billion) of Canada’s GDP in 2014 (CIHI, 2014). Canada boasts a universal, cost-effective and fair health care system to its citizens (Picard, 2010). However, despite great claims and large expenses incurred Canada’s health care system has been reported inefficient in it’sRead MorePeer Review Articles: 1. Aaron, H. J. (2003). The costs of health care administration in the2900 Words   |  12 Pages1. Aaron, H. J. (2003). The costs of health care administration in the United States and Canada- questionable answers to a questionable question. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(8), 801-803. Retrieved November 11, 2013, from http://www.gdctn.org/info/HealthCare/Admin%20Costs%20Challenged-%20NEJM%202003.pdf This article is a rebuttal to the first article by Woolhandler, Campbell, Himmelstein (2003) shown below. It starts out by giving a brief description of the studies that WoolhandlerRead MoreCanada regulation5439 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿COUNTRY: CANADA Table of Contents 1 Country, Politics and Industry Background 1.1 Brief on Political System Resource: wikipedia Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Canada is a federal state that is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual nation with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Canada has strong democraticRead MoreProblems Associated With Hepatitis C1422 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Indigenous peoples in Canada (First Nations, Inuit and Mà ©tis) are recognized as having a significantly increased hepatitis C disease burden in comparison to non-Indigenous Canadians (Uhanova, Tate, Tataryn, Minuk, 2013). Due to over-representation in many groups considered high-risk for hepatitis C transmission, such as those living in unstable housing or engaging in injection drug use, Indigenous peoples living in urban settings are particularly affected (Miller et al., 2010). RecentRead MoreThe Issue Of Health Informatics And Will Be Focused On Electronic Health Records2518 Words   |  11 Pagespaper, I will discuss the issue of health informatics and will be focusing on electronic health records. I will be talking about how instituting electronic health records benefits and improves health in Canada. However, I will also be talking about how there are barriers in instituting electronic health records which can be improved. Electronic health records should be instituted in Canada. There are many benefits in doing so, and it would greatly improve health. However, there are some barriersRead MoreFinancial Research Report On Financial Management1711 Words   |  7 Pagesmanager is no easy task. 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Key methodology challenges and measurement requirements were identified. TheRead MoreNursing Shortage Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesNursing shortage According to Canadian Nurses Association(2009), human health resources have stated that by the end of 2011 Canada will experience shortage of 78 000 registered Nurses (RN) and shortage of 113 000 nurses by the end of 2016. Globally there will be shortage of 4.3 million health care workers. It was also shown that approximately 38% of new graduate nurses leave their workforce within the first year of employment (Lavoie-Tremblay, Wright, Desforges, Gelinas, Drevniok Marchionni, 2008)Read MorePacific Cataract And Laser Institute10047 Words   |  41 PagesCASE 17: PACIFIC CATARACT AND LASER INSTITUTE 2 CASE 17: PACIFIC CATARACT AND LASER INSTITUTE 4 CASE 17: Pacific Cataract and Laser Institute: Competing in the LASIK Eye Surgery Market Catherine Grace Bautista Adventist University of Health Sciences Running head: CASE 17: PACIFIC CATARACT AND LASER INSTITUTE 1 Abstract A comprehensive process is often undertaken in the strategic change process was applied to Pacific Cataract and Laser Institute. The objective of the paper is toRead MoreHealth Care Decisions For Children3396 Words   |  14 PagesExecutive Summary Introduction: When it comes to health care decisions for children, who have the final say? What are the ideas and institutions that support and challenge a parent’s decision to refuse medical treatment on behalf of their child? These questions are of special importance in situations where the decision involves great risk to the health and wellbeing of the child. This brief relies on the important ideas and institutions, which both support and challenge parental right to refuse treatment

The Causes of School Violence free essay sample

As for the music, heavy metal and rap were only a vague concept in the early seventies, but they did not rise to large popularity until the mid-eighties. Television, well known during this time for being very violent (Gung If, Kayak), it still seems unlikely as there were only two incidents in the 1 9705. For those reasons, these early crimes could not have been linked to the choice of music one liked or their hobbies. In fact, one plausible cause of this might be found in the rise of mothers leaving the home and getting jobs. The neglect of caring for these managers is what causes them to turn on society and become violent.Some of the indirect causes of school violence are music, video games and television. The reason why teens become engrossed in such things is only because of the attention or usually lack of attention from parents, teachers and authority figures. We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes of School Violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most school shootings have been traced back to forms of depression in the aggressors lives. Now sometimes the depression may be caused from other sources or just a random occurrence during teen brain growth. Occasionally it is directly from mistreatment from parents or others; UT it is the fault of parents inaction to treat the depression that leads to the shooting. A common trait with many of the shootings is the mistake of the parents allowing guns to be in easy access or in some way encouraging the violence in teenagers. Now some parents do keep guns in their homes for protection, but these parents are the ones who, for whatever reason, are irresponsible in the way they either lock up their guns or teach their children the proper way to use them. Irresponsibility is the paramount factor in the cause of school violence. When parents are ignorant to what happens to their kids at school r their behavior patterns, there is no telling what could go wrong.Hopefully teachers will catch these signals and help the students. Nevertheless, teachers have also overlooked the problems. It is fortunate to be in a school where there are decent teachers. Many are great at what they do, some are okay, and others are known to be lacking in ability. It seems that most teachers would be able to spot disturbances in a students life. Whatever spawns a teachers ignorance, whether it is their bad training or a severe dislike Of the student, part Of the blame lies with them.If we had more of the good teachers who regardless of the student, treated them fairly and gave them the attention and love that they deserve, we might be able to spot these problems sooner rather than later. A solution to this problem may never happen, due to the fact that violence is widespread and almost accepted as everyday life. Yet, some simple objectives may reduce the number of incidents we see today. First, the number of good teachers needs to increase in our schools. My suggestion would increase the number of years a teacher needs to receive tenure.It is good for all; the utter teachers are recognized and kept for their efforts while the bad teachers are rid of earlier. Once the teacher receives tenure, an immediate pay increase should be issued. A respectable pay increase would show that the teacher has proved his or her worth to the community. Second, clubs that promote non-violence should be in every school, as they help provide a friendly social atmosphere at school. Sadly, not much can be done at home, as that lies in the private world where schools do not have jurisdiction apart from reporting abuse in the home.Since schools are where the incidents append, the people there have the best judgment about what goes on between the potential shooter and the potential victims. Perhaps its the only place where the problem Can be stopped. If the populace still believes that violent video games and music are the cause they need only to look at what they have done to stop it, which is nothing. After countless rumors that Grand Theft Auto: Vice City would be the last of the series due to increased school violence and some copyright issues, Grand Theft Auto: San Andrea, a new realistic and bloodier video game for teenagers to play hit store shelves.While music itself has evolved into a less violent form, gangster rap and heavy metal are still widely listened to genres. The times when the public has tried to shut down certain symbols of their respected mediums, they have pleaded to their first amendment rights. People need to know that teenagers are listening to this music and playing these destructive video games because parents do not give the attention they need. Prevention is the key; violence cannot take shape if it is restricted first. Works Cited 1973-74 united States network television schedule. Wisped, the free encyclopedia.

French and Indians Essay Example For Students

French and Indians Essay The French and Indian War was caused by the worldwide struggle for empire by France, Spain, and England. The fighting of these countries often times spilled over into North America, where colonist were dragged into three wars: King Williams War, Queen Annes War and King Georges War, these wars lasted between 1689 and 1748. With the threat of war breaking out in Europe, the prospect of more colonial warfare remained. To gather a plan of defense and to gain Iroquois as allies, representatives from seven colonies and the Iroquois League met in Albany, New York. During the Albany Congress the delegates adopted Benjamin Franklins Albany Plan of Union. However the colonial assemblies rejected the plan, fearing that it would cause a raise in taxes and give Great Britain an up hand in power. The Iroquois decided that the English were too disunited to defeat the French, would not commit their support. In 1749 land speculators bought land in Virginia, hoping that there would be a quick profit form its resale. The Virginians felt the need to protect their land so the built forts at the junction of Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongahela rivers- this is present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The French thought that the land was theirs as well, so of course this caused some friction between the British and French. During the friction the French decided to dive the Virginians off of the land. Once the Virginians were off the land they completed the fort and named it Fort Duquesne. This outraged, Lieutenand Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia sent George Washington and a company of militia to send the French from the area. But the French but up a good fight for the land. The British was just as determined to keep the land so they sent General Braddock, Washington and a large force of British and colonial soldiers to take Fort Duquesne back for their own. The colonial forces however were very inexperienced in warfare and the British forces panicked when they met the French and their force of Delawares, Ottawas, Abnakis, and other Native Americans. During August of 1751 the British lost Oswego and Fort William Henry to the French. The French were almost imposable beat in battle; this is mostly because of their war tactics. The French were influenced by the Indians a great deal, this is noticeable in the was that they where lightly clothed and armed. They also attacked from all sides and took great advantage in using all trees and bushes. For a while Britains luck was not look good in winning the land. But a British cabinet minister William Pitt helped change Britains luck. Pitt assumed full control over Britains war efforts. He sent plenty of money and troops into North America and his efforts paid off. In the July of 1758 the British forces captures Louisbourg on Cape Brenton Island, which guarded the entrance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Louisbourg fall meant that the British could control French supplies from reaching Canada. Soon after this the British once again work miracles in capturing Fort Frontenac on Lake Ontario. Once the British arrived at Fort Duquesne, the French blew up the fort rather than surrendering to the British. Once the Iraquois saw that British has defeated the French, the Iraquois reassessed their neutrality and lent spport to the British. With the Iraquois joining forces with the British the French lost their Indian allies in the Ohio Valley. The French soon after abandoned their remaining forts and they moved up to Canada. French had nowhere to run for British forces followed them up to Quebec where once again the British conquered the French. This completed the war in North America although fighting remained in other parts of the world for two more years. In all the French and Indian War lasted for seven years making it known as the Seven years war. .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 , .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 .postImageUrl , .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 , .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307:hover , .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307:visited , .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307:active { border:0!important; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307:active , .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307 .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u424b575ce3920cf38a709c9c228c4307:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reasons For Being Vegetarian Essay At first the British did not seem to have much of a chance seeing how the French used more of a guerilla warfare tactic. The British refused to surrender with their loses and eventually gained strength, eventually winning the war. Bibliography: none .

Microsoft Essays - Steve Jobs, Personal Computing,

Microsoft In the early 80s the world so the initial boom of the computer era. The first personal computers were sold and the main players of the business were sorted out. Two of the prominent figures were Steve Jobs and Bill Gates. Each pioneering their own front, the two entered the 90s as the computer world celebrities. By the mid 90s each of these tycoons' life had taken many turns and twists, albeit for the better usually. Bill Gates' 1995 was a bit hectic, this was the year of the huge unveiling of windows 95. After many delayed attempts to get it out Gates released windows 95 in August without Microsoft Plus, as had been earlier said, this was due to time restrictions as changing windows 95 to 96 would be a waste of money and probably more seriously the worst move commercially any company would ever make. With the release of Windows 95 the world saw the largest over media onslaught to sell a product. Also with the release of Windows came Microsoft's foray into the Internet market share. In hindsight this perhaps may not have been the best move to make. 1996 passed with much criticism of Gates' operating system, people said it was unstable, hard to figure out and anything else possible. 1997 came around with rumours of a new operating system in the works dubbed Chicago. This was perhaps a rumour but more likely the beginning of Windows 98. In 1998 Gates released this newer version of Windows 95, which made the world Gates' subject for the biggest beta test ever. Windows 98 was just an upgrade of 95. Upgrade may be an understatement, but on the surface it is almost identical, underneath they are worlds apart. Recently Microsoft's ghosts have come to haunt them. Netscape, their main rival in the Internet division, had started an Anti-trust case in the federal supreme court. The accusations spawned from a dispute where Netscape's browser were being loaded onto pre made Compaq computers and Microsoft did not approve of this. This case has recently come to the end of its first stage with Microsoft falling guilty. The consequences have yet to come, but are foreseen in the coming months. This most likely will not spell the end of Gates' empire rather actually may boost his worth by making him CEO of 4 giant specialised companies. Steve Jobs, a cofounder of Apple Computers Inc., has also had good fortune with the computer world, but also had his fair share of hiccups. In 1985 after the Macintosh had had troubles selling as much as wished Steve Jobs was forced out of Apple. From here he went on to try and rebuild a new frontier in media, 3D animation. After leaving Apple he formed a new company, Next Inc. this was a hardware/software development company. He then went on in 1986 to purchase a controlling share in Pixar, a LucasFilm branch that dealt with 3D animation. In 1989 Next released its first computer at $10,000 which was incompatible and did not sell well, 4 years later they shut down their hardware division. In 1996 Apple bought out Next. Inc. and uses Jobs as a part time consultant. This aids Apple to become one of the top players in the world of computers in 1998. Some of Pixar's achievements are; Toy Story, the first full length film created soley by computers. "A Bug's Life" released and is a hit. And February 1999, Technical Academy Award to Pixar's David DiFrancesco for "pioneering efforts in the development of laser film recording technology". These achievements of both these men have helped to fuel the second wave of the computer revolution. The third is on the horizon as the information superhighway's potential will be seen in the next couple of years.

Chlorophyll Definition and Role in Photosynthesis

Chlorophyll Definition and Role in Photosynthesis Chlorophyll is the name given to a group of green pigment molecules found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The two most common types of chlorophyll are chlorophyll a, which is a blue-black ester with the chemical formula  C55H72MgN4O5, and chlorophyll b, which is a  dark green ester with the formula C55H70MgN4O6. Other forms of chlorophyll include chlorophyll c1, c2, d, and f. The forms of chlorophyll have different side chains and chemical bonds, but all are characterized by a chlorin pigment ring containing a magnesium ion at its center. Key Takeaways: Chlorophyll Chlorophyll is a green pigment molecule that collects solar energy for photosynthesis. Its actually a family of related molecules, not just one.Chlorophyll is found in plants, algae, cyanobacteria, protists, and a few animals.Although chlorophyll is the most common photosynthetic pigment, there are several others, including the anthocyanins. The word chlorophyll comes from the Greek words chloros, which means green, and phyllon, which means leaf.  Joseph Bienaimà © Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier first isolated and named the molecule in 1817. Chlorophyll is an essential pigment molecule for photosynthesis, the chemical process plants use to absorb and use energy from light. Its also used as a food coloring (E140) and as a deodorizing agent. As a food coloring, chlorophyll is used to add a green color to pasta, the spirit absinthe, and other foods and beverages. As a waxy  organic compound, chlorophyll is not soluble in water. It is mixed with a small amount of oil when its used in food. Also Known As: The alternate spelling for chlorophyll is chlorophyl. Role of Chlorophyll in Photosynthesis The overall balanced equation for photosynthesis is: 6 CO2 6 H2O → C6H12O6 6 O2 where carbon dioxide and water react to produce glucose and oxygen. However, the overall reaction doesnt indicate the complexity of the chemical reactions or the molecules that are involved. Plants and other photosynthetic organisms use chlorophyll to absorb light (usually solar energy) and convert it into chemical energy. Chlorophyll strongly absorbs blue light and also some red light. It poorly absorbs green (reflects it), which is why chlorophyll-rich leaves and algae appear green. In plants, chlorophyll surrounds photosystems in the thylakoid membrane of organelles called chloroplasts, which are concentrated in the leaves of plants. Chlorophyll absorbs light and uses resonance energy transfer to energize reaction centers in photosystem I and photosystem II. This happens when energy from a photon (light) removes an electron from chlorophyll in reaction center P680 of photosystem II. The high energy electron enters an electron transport chain. P700 of photosystem I works with photosystem II, although the source of electrons in this chlorophyll molecule can vary. Electrons that enter the electron transport chain are used to pump hydrogen ions (H) across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The chemiosmotic potential is used to produce the energy molecule ATP and to reduce NADP to NADPH. NADPH, in turn, is used to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) into sugars, such as glucose. Other Pigments and Photosynthesis Chlorophyll is the most widely recognized molecule used to collect light for photosynthesis, but its not the only pigment that serves this function. Chlorophyll belongs to a larger class of molecules called anthocyanins. Some anthocyanins function in conjunction with chlorophyll, while others absorb light independently or at a different point of an organisms life cycle. These molecules may protect plants by changing their coloring to make them less attractive as food and less visible to pests. Other anthocyanins absorb light in the green portion of the spectrum, extending the range of light a plant can use. Chlorophyll Biosynthesis Plants make chlorophyll from the molecules glycine and succinyl-CoA. There is an intermediate molecule called protochlorophyllide, which is converted into chlorophyll. In angiosperms, this chemical reaction is light-dependent. These plants are pale if they are grown in darkness because they cant complete the reaction to produce chlorophyll. Algae and non-vascular plants dont require light to synthesize chlorophyll. Protochlorophyllide forms toxic free radicals in plants, so chlorophyll biosynthesis is tightly regulated. If iron, magnesium, or iron are deficient, plants may be unable to synthesize enough chlorophyll, appearing pale or chlorotic. Chlorosis may also be caused by improper pH (acidity or alkalinity) or pathogens or insect attack.

Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Culture - Essay Example iscuss whether or not there are ‘good’ stereotypes and discuss the pros and cons of the stereotype in the hope of understanding and logically assessing the veracity of this stereotype. The stereotype: homeless people are lazy drunks, have been used to describe and portray the picture of homelessness in America. The source of this stereotype has not exactly been pinpointed, however, the fact that homeless drunks make up about 30 to 40% of the total homeless population may be blamed for this stereotype (Jones, â€Å"News†). The fact that these homeless drunks are often the ones who gain the most attention from society because of their occasionally disorderly behavior may be one of the factors which contribute to the development of this stereotype. Many studies and statistics however were able to disprove this stereotype. In a paper by Jones (â€Å"News†) she disputes the claim that 90% of homeless people are drug or alcohol abusers. She firmly disputes these claims by citing accurate sources of statistics on the homeless people. She cites the US Interagency Council on Homelessness, the National Coalition for the Homeless and the Los Angeles Services Au thority as accurate sources for statistics on the homeless people (Jones â€Å"News†). Based on her review of statistics from these agencies, about 25 to 39% of the homeless population is composed of children. She then poses the question, on whether or not it is really true that these children can be drunks. On a more accurate note, Jones (â€Å"News†) notes that most of the addiction and alcohol abuse was seen after these people became homeless, not after. She also point out that substance abuse statistics from a Los Angeles survey reveal that 42% of the homeless were drug or alcohol users. Clearly, these figures are still well below the 90% rate that previous reports claim. She also points out that the more likely split in the statistics surrounding the homeless people is at 33%. This represents 33%